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Stat-200 Researchers watched groups of dolphins off the coast of Ireland in 1998 to determine what activities the dolphins partake in at certain times of the day.: Expert Solutions for Success

 Researchers watched groups of dolphins off the coast of Ireland in 1998 to determine what activities the dolphins partake in at certain times of the day.  The numbers in table C represent the number of groups of dolphins that were partaking in an activity at certain times of days.  Is there enough evidence to show that the activity and the time period are independent for dolphins?  Test at the 5% level. Hint: Start by calculating the row and column totals.

Table C: Dolphin Activity

 

Activity

Period

Row

Total

Morning

Noon

Afternoon

Evening

Travel

6

7

14

13

 

Feed

28

6

2

56

 

Social

38

6

9

16

 

Column Total

 

 

 

 

 

Answer

The Hypotheses are stated below:

Null hypothesis:

H0​: The activity for the dolphins is not independent of the time period.

Alternative hypothesis:

Ha​: The activity for the dolphins is independent of the time period.

From the given information, the significance level taken as the 5%, that is 0.05 is the level of the significance of this test.

Activity

Morning

Noon

Afternoon

Evening

Row Total

Travel

6

7

14

13

40

Expected

14.32836

3.781095

4.975124

16.91542

40

 x2

4.840858

2.740305

16.37112

0.906305

24.85859

Feed

28

6

2

56

92

Expected

32.95522

8.696517

11.44279

38.90547

92

 x2

0.745079

0.836106

7.792351

7.511099

16.88463

Social

38

6

9

16

69

Expected

24.71642

6.522388

8.58209

29.1791

69

 x2

7.139123

0.041839

0.02035

5.952506

13.15382

Column Total

72

19

25

85

201

Expected

72

19

25

85

201

 x2

12.72506

3.618249

24.18383

14.36991

54.89705

 

The chi-square for this data is thus 54.89705 and the p-value from the chi-square table is 0.0000. Since the p-value is less than alpha value; that is 0.0000 < 0.05, there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the activity for the dolphins is independent of the time period.

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